DIRECT AND
INDIRECT SPEECH
Pengertian
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Adalah
materi grammar dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai kalimat yang menyatakan langsung
(Direct
Speech) dan
perubahannya menjadi kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect Speech). Untuk merubah
kalimat
langsung
menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan antara
lain;
1. Perubahan
Struktur Kalimat (Structure )
2. Tensis
(Tenses)
3. Kata
ganti orang (Pronoun)
4.
Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverb of time and place)
Untuk
mengetahui penggunaan Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech sebaiknya kita
mengetahui dan
mengerti
juga tentang Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech ( Diterangkan Menerangkan).
- Reporting
Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat Direct Speech yang ditandai oleh tanda petik
( “ ) pada
awal dan
akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
· He said,
“I have a present for you in my bag.”
· He asked
me, “why do you hate me.”
- Reported
Speech adalah bagian depan kalimat Direct Speech
Contoh :
· He said,
“I have a present for you in my bag.”
· He asked
me, “why do you hate him.”
Selanjutnya
dapat kita jelaskan direct dan indirect speech berdasarkan perubahan-perubahan
berikut
ini:
1. Perubahan
Struktur Kalimat
Jika
diperhatikan pada kalimat Direct Speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik
(“). Tanda
petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang
direct
dan
indirect.
• Sebagai
Kalimat Perintah.
Ketika
kalimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda
petik
tersebut dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata ‘that’ atau ‘to’ (untuk
kalimat perintah).
Contoh:
Direct
Speech
- He said,
“I have a present for you in my bag”.
- He asked
me, “why do you hate him”.
- He ordered
me, “don’t bring a book”
Indirect
Speech
- He said
that he had a present for me in his bag.
- He asked
me why I hate him.
- He ordered
me to didn’t bring a book.
• Sebagai
Kalimat Tanya
Perubahan
struktur kalimat menggunakan kalimat tanya ‘yes-no question’, maka akan
dirubah
menjadi ‘if/whether’ kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Contoh:
Direct
Speech
- They asked
me, “Do you want to join us to play football?”
- He asked
me, “Does she want to mary me”.
Indirect
Speech
- They asked
me if/whether I want to join them to play foorball.
- He asked
me if/whether she wants to mary her
Sedangkan
untuk kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan 5W-1H (Why, Who, What, When,
Where, How)
maka perubahan kalimat afirmatif menjadi sebagai berikut;
Direct
Speech
- He asked
me, “why do you come late?”
- He asked
me, “who is she?”
- He asked
me, “what does she eat?”
- He asked
me, “when did you come?”
- He asked
me, “where are you come from?”
- He asked
me, “how are you ?”
Indirect Speech
- He asked
me why you come late.
- He asked
me who was she.
- He asked
me what she ate.
- He asked
me when I came.
- He asked
me where I came from.
- He asked
me how I was.
2. Perubahan
Tensis
Adapun
perubahan direct dan indirect speech pada tensis dapat dirumuskan menjadi
sebagai berikut:
Direct
Speech Tenses Indirect Speech Tenses
- Simple
Present - Simple Past
- Present
Continous - Past Continous
- Present
Future - Past Future
- Present
Perfect - Past Perfect
- Present
Perfect Continous - Past Perfect Continous
- Simple
Past - Past Perfect
- Past
Continous - Past Perfect Continous
Contoh:
Direct
Speech Tenses Indirect Speech Tenses
- Verb1
(eat) - Verb2 (ate)
- Verb2
(ate) - Had + Verb3 (had eaten)
- Am/is/are
- Was/Were
- Do/Does -
Did
- Do/Does
not - Did not
- Did not -
Had not + Verb3
- Was/Were -
Had been
- Am/is/Are
+ Verb-ing - Was/Were + Verb-ing
- Was/were +
Verb-ing - Had been + Verb-ing
- Has/Have +
Verb3 - Had + Verb3
-
Will/Shall/Can/May/Must - Would/Should/Could/Might/Had to
-
Could/Might/Should/Would + Verb1/be - Could/Might/Should/Would + have +
Verb3/been
