direct and indirect speech

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Pengertian Direct dan Indirect Speech

Adalah materi grammar dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai kalimat yang menyatakan langsung (Direct

Speech) dan perubahannya menjadi kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect Speech). Untuk merubah kalimat

langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan antara lain;

1. Perubahan Struktur Kalimat (Structure )

2. Tensis (Tenses)

3. Kata ganti orang (Pronoun)

4. Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverb of time and place)

Untuk mengetahui penggunaan Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech sebaiknya kita mengetahui dan

mengerti juga tentang Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech ( Diterangkan Menerangkan).

- Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat Direct Speech yang ditandai oleh tanda petik ( “ ) pada

awal dan akhir kalimat.

Contoh :

· He said, “I have a present for you in my bag.”

· He asked me, “why do you hate me.”

- Reported Speech adalah bagian depan kalimat Direct Speech

Contoh :

· He said, “I have a present for you in my bag.”

· He asked me, “why do you hate him.”

Selanjutnya dapat kita jelaskan direct dan indirect speech berdasarkan perubahan-perubahan berikut

ini:

1. Perubahan Struktur Kalimat

Jika diperhatikan pada kalimat Direct Speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik

(“). Tanda petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct

dan indirect.

• Sebagai Kalimat Perintah.

Ketika kalimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda

petik tersebut dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata ‘that’ atau ‘to’ (untuk kalimat perintah).

Contoh:

Direct Speech

- He said, “I have a present for you in my bag”.

- He asked me, “why do you hate him”.

- He ordered me, “don’t bring a book”

Indirect Speech

- He said that he had a present for me in his bag.

- He asked me why I hate him.

- He ordered me to didn’t bring a book.

• Sebagai Kalimat Tanya

Perubahan struktur kalimat menggunakan kalimat tanya ‘yes-no question’, maka akan

dirubah menjadi ‘if/whether’ kalimat afirmatif (berita).

Contoh:

Direct Speech

- They asked me, “Do you want to join us to play football?”

- He asked me, “Does she want to mary me”.

Indirect Speech

- They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play foorball.

- He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her

Sedangkan untuk kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan 5W-1H (Why, Who, What, When,

Where, How) maka perubahan kalimat afirmatif menjadi sebagai berikut;

Direct Speech

- He asked me, “why do you come late?”

- He asked me, “who is she?”

- He asked me, “what does she eat?”

- He asked me, “when did you come?”

- He asked me, “where are you come from?”

- He asked me, “how are you ?”

Indirect Speech

- He asked me why you come late.

- He asked me who was she.

- He asked me what she ate.

- He asked me when I came.

- He asked me where I came from.

- He asked me how I was.

2. Perubahan Tensis

Adapun perubahan direct dan indirect speech pada tensis dapat dirumuskan menjadi sebagai berikut:

Direct Speech Tenses Indirect Speech Tenses

- Simple Present - Simple Past

- Present Continous - Past Continous

- Present Future - Past Future

- Present Perfect - Past Perfect

- Present Perfect Continous - Past Perfect Continous

- Simple Past - Past Perfect

- Past Continous - Past Perfect Continous

Contoh:

Direct Speech Tenses Indirect Speech Tenses

- Verb1 (eat) - Verb2 (ate)

- Verb2 (ate) - Had + Verb3 (had eaten)

- Am/is/are - Was/Were

- Do/Does - Did

- Do/Does not - Did not

- Did not - Had not + Verb3

- Was/Were - Had been

- Am/is/Are + Verb-ing - Was/Were + Verb-ing

- Was/were + Verb-ing - Had been + Verb-ing

- Has/Have + Verb3 - Had + Verb3

- Will/Shall/Can/May/Must - Would/Should/Could/Might/Had to

- Could/Might/Should/Would + Verb1/be - Could/Might/Should/Would + have + Verb3/been